Pdf development and life history of sitophilus zeamais. Cao y1, zhang c2, chen q2, li y1, qi s2, tian l1, ren y3. Sitophilus zeamais sitophilus granarius sitophilus oryzae maize weevil granary weevil rice weevil coleoptera curculionidae aggregation pheromone interspecific attraction coleoptcra. Sitophilus zeamais, the reference to sitophilus oryzae in fiji needs confirmation. The granary weevil sitophilus granarius can be separated from the maize weevil sitophilus zeamais by the absence of wings beneath the elytra present in s. An introduction to the rice weevil sitophilus oryzae youtube. The seed powder of west african black pepper piper guineense was evaluated in the laboratory against the maize weevil sitophilus zeamais mots. Some of these include threats posed by microorganisms, insects, mites, birds and rodents. Feb 25, 2017 rice weevil videos are few and far between, heres my introduction to the major stored grain pest. Sitophilus zeamais is predominantly found associated with maize grain, whereas sitophilus oryzae is associated with wheat. In this way the insect is indirectly responsible for serious fires.
The habits and life cycle are similar to the rice weevil figure 3. Cansian, fernando scarati frandoloso, valeria dal pra, marcio antonio mazutti, jorge alberto vieira costa, helen treichel. Infestation, population density and sterilization effects. The habits and life cycle are similar to the rice weevil. She then deposits a small oval white egg, and covers the hole as the ovipositor is removed, with a waxy secretion that creates a plug. Each female may lay up to 150 eggs in her lifetime. Cabi says that sitophilus zeamais is predominantly found associated with maize grain, whereas sitophilus oryzae is associated with wheat. Curculionidae to be the principal pest which infects rice and maize storages and paves the way for the others insect pests infestation. Control the most important aspect of control is location of the source of the infestation. Pests of stored products college of agriculture and life. Factsheet sitophilus granarius linnaeus, 1875 granary. Adult adults of sitophilus granarius can vary considerably in size.
The female chews through the surface of the grain, creating a hole. Rearing the maize weevil, sitophilus zeamais, on an. This paper therefore, examined the life cycle of the maize weevil, sitophilus zeamais, and discussed ways of subjugating the insect, for a sustainable maize. The larvae feed inside the grain kernel for an average of 18 days. Larvae generally not seen they feed and develop inside single grains. The response of different maize varieties to three.
In the united states, it is called the greater rice weevil. Studies on the biology and life cycle of sitophilus orizae on local rice grain pusa. The specimens were deposited in the insect collection of sunchon national university. Genus sitophilus species oryzae wayback in 1763 it was known as calandra oryzae.
Article published on january 02, 2014 abstract analysis of the array of pests established s. Knowledge of the life history and biology is important to the development of an integrated pest management program. There is evidence from indonesia that sitophilus zeamais is more. Ecology of the maize weevil, sitophilus zeamais motschulsky. The objective of this study was to determine the practicality of periodic physical disturbance on s.
Order coleoptera family curculionidae advertisements. The granary weevil has elongated punctures on the pronotum and is wingless. There is evidence from indonesia that sitophilus zeamais is. Life cycle females chew into maize grains where they lay their eggs throughout most of their adult life of up to one year, although 50% of their eggs may be laid in the first 45 weeks. The fungus blocks resin canals, which leaves the weevil free to eat. Life cycle, developmental stages, sitophilus oryzae, rice grain. While 15 recorded the mean developmental period of s. This species attacks both crops that are still growing and those that have been harvested. Unusual behavior of oviposition and development of sitophilus. Life cycle of the maize weevil sitophilus zeamais youtube. Sitophilus zeamais motschulsky is the most important insect pest of stored maize in tropical regions. Varieties grain for tolerance against maize weevil, sitophilus zeamais motsch.
Louisiana state university and agricultural and mechanical college, ph. Host pgrp gene expression and bacterial release in. Adult rice weevils are able to fly, and can live for up to two years. The maize weevil sitophilus zeamais motschulsky, 1855 coleoptera. Evaluation of some botanicals oils for the management of maize weevil, sitophilus zeamais motsch. Distribution worldwide, but primarily temperate zone, northern distribution. Introduction cereal grains are the major source of. Research article development and life history of sitophilus. Use of botanicals to suppress the development of maize weevil. The fungus often kills the tree, and groups of dead trees are a focus for forest fires. Factsheet sitophilus zeamais motschulsky, 1855 maize. The potential threshold level, relative abundance, life cycle and control of the. Curculionidae using refuge and flight traps baited with synthetic pheromone and cracked wheat. The actual length of the life cycle also depends upon the type and quality of grain.
Pdf biology, morphology and molecular characterization. Three species, the granary weevil, sitophilus granarius l. However, in south brazil, these weevils have been found attacking fruits in field conditions. Maize weevil simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. An alternative against sitophilus zeamais volume 29 issue 2 altemir j. Unusual behavior of oviposition and development of. The full life cycle may take only 26 to 32 days during hot summer months, but requires a much longer period during cooler weather. Sitophilus zeamais maize weevil, and sitophilus granarius granary weevil. Inyang department of crop science, faculty of agriculture, university of uyo, pmb 1017, uyo. Specific behavior of sitophilus zeamais in the stocks of rice. Development and life history of sitophilus zeamais coleoptera.
Identification of species and geographical strains of sitophilus oryzae and sitophilus zeamais using the visiblenearinfrared hyperspectral imaging technique. The use of laurus nobilis and mentha pulegium essential oils. Pdf study on both the life cycle and morphometrics of. Investigation was carried out on developmental biology of s. The larvae of both species are apodous, whitish, with brown heads, about 34 mm long. Susceptibility of paddy and milled rice to attack by sitophilus oryzae linnaeus and sitophilus zeamais motschulsky. Identification of species and geographical strains of. The use of laurus nobilis and mentha pulegium essential. It lives in many tropical areas around the world, and in the united states.
Sitophilus zeamais, or the maize weevil, is a species of weevil that is commonly found in maize crops. Field monitoring sitophilus zeamais and sitophilus oryzae coleoptera. Curculionidae, is one of the most destructive pests of stored cereals. Curculionidae is a worldwide pest on stored products, as maize, wheat and rice grains. African black pepper piper guineense seed powder against maize weevil sitophilus zeamais mots. Evaluation of some botanicals oils for the management of. The maize weevil, sitophilus zeamais motschulsky coleoptera. Bell, in food and beverage stability and shelf life, 2011. Goto m, kishino h, imamura m, hirose y, soma y, 1996. Maize grains 200 g were put in 2 kg capacity kilner jar to which 10 pairs of s.
Effect of maize weevil sitophilus zeamais motschulsky. The complete development time for the life cycle of this species averages 36 days. Storage, maize, rice, sitophilus zeamais, specific behavior. Introduction stored grains are subject to losses due to a number of causes which includes physical, sanitary and. The pupa is naked and the pupal stage lasts an average of 6 days. Insecta, holometabola, coleoptera, curculionidae common names. Rice weevil videos are few and far between, heres my introduction to the major stored grain pest. Sitophilus oryzae and sitophilus zeamais to aid in the management of storedproduct insects. The granary weevil, sitophilus granarius linnaeus, and the maize weevil, sitophilus zeamais motschulsky, are other curculionidae species that also occur in stored food products. Synonym iother names i sitophilus oryzae zeamais sitophilus zeamais motschulsky, 1855.
Intracellular symbiosis endosymbiosis with gramnegative bacteria is common in insects, yet little is known about how the host immune system perceives the endosymbionts and controls their growth and invasion without complete bacterial clearance. Sorghum is the third most important crop after teff and maize in area and. Pests of stored products college of agriculture and. The maize weevil sitophilus zeamais, known in the united states as the greater rice weevil, is a species of beetle in the family curculionidae. Morphological characteristics for identifying sitophilus weevils. Pdf study on both the life cycle and morphometrics of sitophilus. Pteromalidae, a larval parasitoid of maize weevil, sitophilus zeamais motschulsky coleoptera. Resistance of maize cultivars to sitophilus zeamais. It was reported that adults attack fruits to feeding, but there was no information of oviposition and larval development on these hosts.
The maize weevil sitophilus zeamais can be separated from the granary weevil s. In this experiment, treatments and control were arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The entire life cycle egg, larva, and pupa takes place inside the kernel. Pdf the maize weevil, sitophilus zeamais motschulsky coleoptera.
Nowadays, the maize weevil sitophilus zeamais motsch 1855 is the most relevant pest found during storage of maize grains. These weevils have a nearly cosmopolitan distribution, occurring throughout all warm and tropical parts of the world. Maize weevil, sitophilus zeamais motschulsky, is a cosmopolitan pest of stored products longstaff 1981, and prior to the introduction of the larger grain borer, prostephanus truncatus, it was reported as. It attacks wheat, rice, sorghum, oats, barley, rye. The maize weevil sitophilus zeamais is a species of beetle in the family curculionidae. Proceedings of the 6th annual workshop on grain postharvest technology maintaining good grain quality, puncak pass, bogor, indonesia, 36 may 1983, 147156. Habitat maize weevil, sitophilus zeamais motschulsky, is a cosmopolitan pest of stored products longstaff 1981, and prior to the introduction of the larger grain borer, prostephanus truncatus, it was reported as the most important pest on stored maize in africa. Curculionidae, is one of the most destructive stored product pests of grains, cereals, and other processed and unprocessed stored products in subsaharan africa. Maleproduced aggregation pheromone of the maize weevil. Aiming at protecting the agricultural crops, high amounts of synthetic pesticides are used around the world. Cosmopolitan, especially in the warmer parts of the world morphology. Rice weevil, greater grain weevil and lesser grain weevil.
Table 2 average duration of development add, life cycle, mean of f 1rahayu 2002. Curculionidae 2 grain kernel for an average of 18 days. Sitophilus zeamais motschulsky, 1885 coleoptera, curculionidae is a major pest of maize in brazil, and it may also occur on other important cereal crops, including rice, sorghum, and millet. Sitophilus zeamais motschulsky and sitophilus oryzae l. The females lay many eggs and the larvae eat the inside of the grain kernels. Two related species, the maize weevil or greater rice weevil sitophilus zeamais, and the wheat weevil or granary weevil sitophilus granarius are also very common. In this study, we have explored the expression of a peptidoglycan recognition protein gene of the weevil sitophilus zeamais wpgrp. The new adult will remain in the seed for 3 to 4 days while it hardens and matures. Infestation, population density and sterilization effects on. The general appearance of the larva and pupa is similar to that of s. The female uses strong mandibles to chew a hole into a grain kernel after which she deposits a single egg within the hole, sealing it with secretions from her ovipositor. The adult female rice weevil lays an average of 4 eggs per day and may live for four to five months. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext.
Life cycle completed in four weeks at 30c, 15 weeks at 18c, breeding stops below 15c. Use of botanicals to suppress the development of maize. Abstract life cycle and biology of the rice weevil s. The genus sitophilus contains four major economic pests, the granary weevil s. Pdf biology, morphology and molecular characterization of.
In this sense, this work aimed at evaluating the insecticidal and repellent effect of essential oil of ocotea odorifera vellozo rohwer lauraceae o. The maize weevil is slightly larger than the rice weevil and has more distinct colored spots on the forewings. The weevil also attack processed products, such as pasta. First confirmation of the distribution of rice weevil. It can be found in numerous tropical areas around the world, and in the united states, and is a major pest of maize. An introduction to the rice weevil sitophilus oryzae. Factsheet sitophilus zeamais motschulsky, 1855 maize weevil. Weevils develop inside the grain, females digging a tunnel into the grain with.